Another genetic study that demolishes Aryan Invasion Theory!

 

Given at the end of the post is the abstract of and links to a recent genetic study that establishes (once again) that India had served as an incubator for very long for the growth of populations and that they have moved to Northern parts through north India.  From the literary accounts of our Ithihasas, we can trace such movement out of India at 4 times in the past upto 5000 years ago. They are listed here.

(1) At the end of the Ice age when the first floods inundated habitations in the Arabian sea about 13,500 years ago, the people living on the extended land in the west coast of India split into two, with one of them entering the Saraswathy river through its mouth in Dwaraka (first Dwaraka which is now under water. The current Dwaraka is the 7th one, Bet Dwaraka, the 6th and Dwarka of Krishna was the 5th) and another group entering the Persian Gulf and reaching Persia.

I am relying on Hancock and Milne's maps for this. Please read this link:
http://www.grahamhancock.com/archive/underworld/AshCF1.php?p=1

Manu was called as Dravideshwara (Lord of Dravida land) in Srimad Bhagavatham.
Dravida land is identified in the South west part of India between Goa and Gujarat, by Varahamihira in his book Brihad Samhitha. The land shown in the picture below fits into the description.

When Manu's Dravida was submerged in the first deluge that occurred at the end of the Ice age, he escaped in a boat and was carried by the waters through River Saraswathy and finally landed at Naubhandan at the Himalayas.

The picture below shows the way Manu was taken by the floods through  the mouth of the River Saraswathy at Dwaraka - the first Dwaraka which is now well under the sea.

In the same period Persian Gulf was a land!

There is every chance that a group of people from the Arabian sea habitat, entered through Persian Gulf during the first floods after the end of Ice age and started new life in Persia, Medittaranean  etc. 

In the picture below, the pale white area around the present day lands were once above water. The arrow mark shows Persian Gulf which was a  land before 13,000 years ago according to researches on Inundation and sea level maps.

The original name of Persia was Parswa, a Sanskrit word which means left side. We in India don't take the left course and consider it as inauspicious. Those who entered the region to the left of Saraswathy river were considered as un-Vedic and therefore Mlechas. The first birth of Mleccha- hood of the current era after the end of the Ice age started then. Those who landed in Persia had the same cultural roots with those who entered Saraswathy but due to lack of Vedic connection, those practices degenerated.

(2) In the times of Sagara, the ancestor of Bhageeratha of Ikshvaku dynasty, (before the birth of river Ganga), a great war was fought between the kings of North India and Sagara. The kings were defeated by Sagara who banished them to Mlechahood. They went to the NW and W of Indus and perhaps became yavanas, shakas and Paradas, with stipulations imposed on them to be half tonsured, fully tonsured and growing beard. These are un-vedic looks. They were made to be so. Thus we find a period before 10,000 years ago, where another group from Vedic sect left for the Middle east with memories of Vedic culture. There is no wonder the Vedic and Sanskrit resemblances stayed in those places which however got corrupted over time.

(3)Another banishment of people from Vedic India happened when the so-called Arya -dasyu war took place 8000 years ago. This was actually a war for succession among the 5 sons of Yayathi which Max Muller thought was Aryan- Dravidian war. The losers Anu and Druhu were banished to the Middle East and NW of Afghanistan. Ahura Mazda came in this period. I have analysed this in my Tamil blog which I will translate into English some day. These people were truly obsessed for having to leave the Vedic fold. They maintained contact with main land. It was a few hundred years after this, Rama of Dasaratha was born. Rama's name had spread among the freshly banished people of the Middle East that everywhere Rama shabda was heard. Ramases, Ramadan, Ramallah, Ramath, Ramah Romulus, Rhemus etc came to be heard.

(4) The last time a notable migration happened was when the women and other folks of Arjuna's convoy were abducted by Mlechas (from NW of Indus) when they were being escorted to safer areas after the deluge at Dwaraka that followed Krishna's exit. The Mahabharata gives the account of this in Musala parva from which we come to know that Royal women of Krishna and others, some of them pregnant were abducted by the Mlechas.

Darius, the Aryan of the Aryan must have come in the lineage of one such Royal lady abducted from Arjuna's convoy. The presently talked about Susa in Iran also confirm such abductions. Susa is a Sanskrit word which means 'parturient woman'- a woman in labour, about to give birth to a child. Why should they call a place by that name unless some important woman had labour pain on the way of crossing that place? Anyway, traces of Vedic culture stayed with her / them (the abducted women) and their descendants took pride in calling themselves as Aryans!


The copper plate found in that place (Susa)  shows a man pouring water to another's hand - which happens only in daanam (gifting something by pouring water) - a Vedic practice. So Susa and its culture were formed when an abducted lady of the Arjuna's clan developed labour pain and delivered a baby there. The group must have settled at that place itself and started a new life.

                                        This plate was found in Susa! 

The story of the Iranian Goddess Inanna of Susa has all the trappings of an abused female who took sweet revenge on the society of the abductors by introducing a strange cult such as Sacred prostitution. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inanna

The recent findings attributing the same period for Susa and Mittani (that has several Vedic marks) correspond to the settlements of displaced Dwarakans .  Closer home, the findings of images of Krishna at Bactria corresponds to the settlements of dislocated Dwarakans after the deluge that followed Krishna’s exit. 

While a group of women were abducted on the way near Indus, others were moved along with the course of river Saraswathy . On the way Rukmini, Krishna’s wife died by entering a pyre. But Sathyabhama, another well known wife of Krishna chose to cross across the Himalayas to lead a life of seclusion. In all probability she crossed Afghanistan and settled in Bactria. The descendants of the people who accompanied her carried the memory of Krishna and Balarama which however degenerated with time. 

                                  Bactrian coins showing Krishna and Balarama. 

-Jayasree

********************************************************

From

http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.com/2011/12/indian-diversity-last-genetic-nail.html

Indian diversity. Last genetic nail driven into the AMT-Aryan-Dravidian divide coffin: (Metspalu, Gyaneshwer Chaubey et al, AJHG, Dec. 2011)

Genetic study finds no evidence for Aryan Migration Theory--On the contrary, South Indians migrated to north and South Asians migrated into Eurasia

What geneticists consider a landmark paper has just been published in a highly reputed scientific journal, American Journal of Human Genetics, authored by an international group of geneticists including Metspalu, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Chandana Basu Mallick (Evolutionary Biology Group in Tartu, Estonia), Ramasamy Pitchappan (Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai), Lalji Singh, and Kumarasamy Thangaraj (CCMB, Hyderabad). The study is titled: Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia, The American Journal of Human Genetics (2011), doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2011.11.010

The study is comprehensive, unlike previous studies of human genome and is unique, because it focuses on large number of populations in South Asia, and India, a region which harbours one of the highest levels of genetic diversity in Eurasia and currently accounts for one sixth of human population in the world.

The study analysed human genetic variation on a sample of 1310 individuals that belong to 112 populations, using new genome-wide data contains more than 600,000 single nucleotide polymorphic sites among 142 samples from 30 ethnic groups of India. The most important scientific findings of the study are: 

• South Asian genetic diversity is 2nd in the world, next only to Africa, mainly due to long periods of indigenous development of lineages and with complex population structure where one can see the different caste and tribal populations.

• Two genetic components among Indians are observed: one is restricted to India and explains 50% genetic ancestry of Indian populations , while, the second which spread to West Asia and Caucasus region. Technically called “haplotype diversity”, it is a measure of the origin of the genetic component. The component which spread beyond India has significantly higher haplotype diversity in India than in any other part of world. This is clear proof that this genetic component originated in India and then spread to West Asia and Caucasus. The distribution of two genetic components among Indians clearly indicates that the Aryan-Dravidian division is a myth, Indian population landscape is clearly governed by geography.

• A remarkable finding is that the origin of these components in India is much older than 3500 years which clearly refutes Aryan Invasion theory of the type enunciated by Max Mueller ! The study also found that haplotypic diversity of this ancestry component is much greater than in Europe and the Near East (Iraq, Iran, Middle East) thus pointing to an older age of the component and/or long-term higher effective population size (that is, indigenous evolution of people).

• Haplotype diversity associated with dark green ancestry is greatest in the south of the Indian subcontinent, indicating that the alleles underlying it most likely arose there and spread northwards.

• The study refutes Aryan migrations into India suggested by the German orientalist Max Muller that ca. 3,500 years ago a dramatic migration of Indo-European speakers from Central Asia shaping contemporary South Asian populations, introduction of the Indo-European language family and the caste system in India. A few past studies on mtDNA and Y-chromosome variation have interpreted their results in favor of the hypothesis, whereas others have found no genetic evidence to support it. The present study notes that any migration from Central Asia to South Asia should have introduced readily apparent signals of East Asian ancestry into India. The study finds that this ancestry component is absent from the region. The study, therefore, concludes that if such at all such a dispersal ever took place, it should have occurred 12,500 years ago. On the contrary, there is evidence for East Asian ancestry component reaching Central Asia at a later period.

• India has one of the world’s fastest growing incidence of type 2 diabetes as well as a sizeable number of cases of the metabolic syndrome, both of which have been linked to recent rapid urbanization. The study points to a possible genetic reasons and recommends further researches on four genes – DOKS, MSTN, CLOCK, PPARA – implicated in lipid metabolism and etiology of type 2 diabetes.

Kalyanaraman
Dec. 9, 2011

Shared and Unique Components of Human Population Structure and Genome-Wide Signals of Positive Selection in South Asia

Mait Metspalu1, 2, 13, , , Irene Gallego Romero3, 13, 14, Bayazit Yunusbayev1, 4, 13, Gyaneshwer Chaubey1, Chandana Basu Mallick1, 2, Georgi Hudjashov1, 2, Mari Nelis5, 6, Reedik Mägi7, 8, Ene Metspalu2, Maido Remm7, Ramasamy Pitchappan9, Lalji Singh10, 11, Kumarasamy Thangaraj10, Richard Villems1, 2, 12 and Toomas Kivisild1, 2, 3

1 Evolutionary Biology Group, Estonian Biocentre, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
2 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
3 Department of Biological Anthropology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1QH, UK
4 Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics, Ufa Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Department of Genetics and Fundamental Medicine, Bashkir State University, 450054 Ufa, Russia
5 Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu and Estonian Biocentre, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
6 Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, University of Geneva Medical School, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
7 Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
8 Genetic and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
9 Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chettinad Health City, Chennai 603 103, India
10 Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad 500 007, India
11 Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi 221 005, India
12 Estonian Academy of Sciences, Tallinn, Estonia

Corresponding author

13 These authors contributed equally to this work

14 Present address: Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, 920 E 58th Street, CLSC 317, Chicago, IL 60637, USA


Abstract

South Asia harbors one of the highest levels genetic diversity in Eurasia, which could be interpreted as a result of its long-term large effective population size and of admixture during its complex demographic history. In contrast to Pakistani populations, populations of Indian origin have been underrepresented in previous genomic scans of positive selection and population structure. Here we report data for more than 600,000 SNP markers genotyped in 142 samples from 30 ethnic groups in India. Combining our results with other available genome-wide data, we show that Indian populations are characterized by two major ancestry components, one of which is spread at comparable frequency and haplotype diversity in populations of South and West Asia and the Caucasus. The second component is more restricted to South Asia and accounts for more than 50% of the ancestry in Indian populations. Haplotype diversity associated with these South Asian ancestry components is significantly higher than that of the components dominating the West Eurasian ancestry palette. Modeling of the observed haplotype diversities suggests that both Indian ancestry components are older than the purported Indo-Aryan invasion 3,500 YBP. Consistent with the results of pairwise genetic distances among world regions, Indians share more ancestry signals with West than with East Eurasians. However, compared to Pakistani populations, a higher proportion of their genes show regionally specific signals of high haplotype homozygosity. Among such candidates of positive selection in India are MSTN and DOK5, both of which have potential implications in lipid metabolism and the etiology of type 2 diabetes.

http://www.cell.com/AJHG/abstract/S0002-9297(11)00488-5

Free pdf download full text: http://download.cell.com/AJHG/pdf/PIIS0002929711004885.pdf

Full text with large figures: http://www.cell.com/AJHG/fulltext/S0002-9297(11)00488-5?large_figure=true

Indian Diversity, genetic study (Metspalu, Gyaneshwer Chaubey et al, AJHG Dec. 9, 2011)

Source - Jayasreesaranathan, 9 december 2011

OVNI le dossier des rencontres du troisième type en France

Trente ans après les livres référence devenus introuvables d'Eric Zürcher et de Michel Figuet, l'historien et ufologue Julien Gonzalez, nous propose ce catalogue de Rencontres Rapprochées du IIIème type en France, survenues entre 1812 et 2009.
Peu d'ouvrages ont été ainsi consacrés exclusivement de par le monde à l'étude des "occupants" d'ovnis vus de près.
Enfin dispose-t-on ici à nouveau d'un catalogue à jour des RR3 françaises (331 cas), augmenté de surcroît d'une annexe comportant les cas belges (29). Et qui ne passe pas sous silence les méprises et les canulars avérés après enquête.
Une somme incontournable mise à la disposition des chercheurs avec ce dossier dont le tirage limité laisse à penser qu'il deviendra lui aussi très vite recherché... 

Gros, grand, lourd, le livre fait 352 pages au format A4. Enrichi de 70 illustrations peu courantes.
Edité par l'auteur, 2010. Etat de neuf à très bon état,

35 € franco de port*

http://cataloguemartien.free.fr/h

Divine Chariots

Gayla Groom

Vehicles

Airborne
* The Flying Throne of Kai Kavus was an eagle-propelled craft built by the Persian king Kai Kavus, used for flying the king all the way to China
* The Flying Carpet or the “Prince Housain’s carpet”, the magic carpet from Tangu in Persia.
* The Vimana is a mythological flying machine from the Sanskrit epics, of Hindu origin.

Boats
* The Argo is the ship of the Argonauts. Its bow could talk and it had the power of prophecy (Greek mythology)
* The Canoe of Gluskab, able to expand so it could hold an army or shrink to fit in the palm of your hand. (Abenaki mythology)
* The Canoe of Māui, which became the South Island of New Zealand (Māori mythology)
* Skíðblaðnir, a boat owned by Freyr (Norse Mythology)
* Naglfar, a ship made out of fingernails and toenails of the dead. It will set sail during Ragnarök. (Norse Mythology)

Chariots
* The Chariot of the Sun, the fiery chariot driven across the sky by the Greek god Helios
* The Chariot of the Sea, the oceanic chariot teamed by hippocampi and/or dolphins, driven across the sky by the Greek god Poseidon
* The Chariot of Thunder, driven across the sky by Thor and pulled by his two magic goats Tanngrisnir and Tanngnjóstr (Norse Mythology)
* The Vitthakalai a gold-decorated chariot of Kali according to Ayyavazhi mythology.
* The Chariot of Fire, of the Angels of God who descended to earth, which he used to carry several persons in the Old Testament to heaven.
* The Norse goddess of the sun Sol’s chariot in the sky which is pulled by two horses Arvak and Alsvid; the bright shines of whose manes give off what is seen as the sun’s light.
* The chariot of Dionysus was drawn by panthers, tigers, or centaurs.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maruts “In Hinduism the Maruts (Sanskrit: ____), also known as the Marutgana and sometimes identified with Rudras, are storm deities and sons of Rudra and Diti and attendants of Indra.”

source

One of the Maruts. These Hindu storm gods number from two to 180 depending on the story. They are extremely warlike, with lightning, thunderbolts, and iron teeth. They roar like lions as their fiery red horses pull their golden chariots through the skies.

add1-a

source

Plate depicting Cybele (the Anatolian Earth Mother), a votive sacrifice, and the sun God. From Ai Khanoum, Afghanistan, 2nd century BCE.

Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, USA, 'birds-arrows.'

source

Buddha's halo with an inscription of the 7th year of Yeonggang, South Korea.

source

Mahadewa, a manifestation of the god Shiva, rides a naga (serpent) with a rod in his hand. Mahadewa is associated with Bali's highest mountain, Gunung Agung.

source

Petroglyph at Cottonwood Canyon, Arizona.

source

Mesopotamian cylinder seal and imprint. On bottom, cult scenes—five characters go towards a pyramid-shaped building; on top, the god-ship. Circa 2600–2340 BCE.

source

Cylinder seal and impression: the god-ship. Seal found in Mari, Syria; circa 2500-2400 BCE.

source

Four Wizards and Longevity God, by Shang Xi, 15th century, Chinese.

source

Hieroglyph in the temple at Abydos, Egypt.

source

Petroglyphs on 'Newspaper Rock' near Moab, Utah.

Thunderbirds, oldsign3_1

source

Petroglyphs on a Bishop Tuff tableland, eastern California, USA.

Petroglyphs1_utah

source

Rama being welcomed back to Ayodhya. He is also shown flying in the celestial flying machine, the Pushpak Vimana.

see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushpaka_Vimana#Ramayana

source

Fragment of Sumerian victory stele, showing vultures, circa 2450 BCE.

source

The Chariot of the Sun is being pursued by wolves, W.G. Collingwood, 1908.

source

The Wolves Pursuing Sol and Mani, by John Charles Dollman, 1909.

source

The Flying Carpet, depiction of Russian folklore hero Ivan Tsarevich, by Viktor Vasnetsov, 1880.

“There is evidence that [ET] bases have existed in NA, SA (esp. Peru), the Arctic and Antarctic from very ancient times.” Eibp

[Sumerian Flying Chariots]

Ba‘albek platform Agrest

[Indian Flying Chariots]

[Vimanas/Vehicles]

The predecessors of the flying vimanas of the Sanskrit epics are the flying chariots employed by various gods in the Vedas: the Sun (see Sun chariot) and Indra and several other Vedic deities are transported by flying wheeled chariots pulled by animals, usually horses (but the Vedic god Pksan‘s chariot is pulled by goats, as is that of Norse Thor).

Sanskrit and Pali texts (most older than the OT) are “loaded with references to flying disks and weaponry” that seems modern. Rigveda, Bhagatava Purana, and the Yarjurveda “all speak of flying machines” Also, Mahabharata and Ramayana mention various aircraft, include. “two stories and many chambers with windows….” The Vaimanika sustra “discusses the size and most important parts of the various types of flying machines.” eibp

“The Amaranganas Utradhara explains design types, engines, fuels and controls. The Samarangana Sutradhara offers many pages that describe the process and principles of building such craft.” “By means of these machines, human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to Earth.” Eibp

“In the Mausala Parva, the Vrishnis and Andhakas races, we are told, were ‘consumed int oashes’ by a weapon so powerful the king caused it to be destroyed, ‘reduced to a fine powder’.”

More spacecraft refs in the Samaptakabadha, Drona Parva, and Karna Parva, and Ghatotrachabadma, Badha Parva, Budhasvamin, Brihat Katha, Shlokasamgraha, B oital pachis, Parchatantra.

Samarangana Sutradhara
is an encyclopedic work on classical Indian architecture (Vastu Shastra) written by Paramara King Bhoja of Dhar (1000-1055 AD).

In 83 chapters, subjects treated are town planning, house architecture, temple architecture and sculptural arts together with Mudras (the different hand poses and the poses of the body as well as the postures of legs), the canons of painting, and a chapter on the art of mechanical contrivances, the yantras (chapter 31).

This chapter on yantras has attracted the attention of pseudoscience and ufology in particular.[1] Verses 95-100 mentions bird-shaped aerial cars (Vimanas), and verses 101-107 mention a sort of robots acting as guards.

Check these texts:

samara… “Strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath. By means of the power latent in the mecrcury which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, move slanting forwards and backwards. With the help of the machines human beings can fly in the air and heavenly beings can come down to earth.”

The Hakatha (Laws of the Babylonians) states quite unambiguously: “The privilege of operating a flying machine is great. The knowledge of flight is among the most ancient of our inheritances. A gift from ‘those from upon high’. We received it from them as a means of saving many lives.”

Pushpaka

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushpaka_Vimana#Ramayana In the Ramayana, the pushpaka (“flowery”) vimana of Ravana is described as follows:

“The Pushpaka chariot that resembles the Sun and belongs to my brother was brought by the powerful Ravana; that aerial and excellent chariot going everywhere at will …. that chariot resembling a bright cloud in the sky … and the King [Rama] got in, and the excellent chariot at the command of the Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere.’”[3]

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushpaka_Vimana#Ramayana a chariot of the gods, any mythical self-moving aerial car (sometimes serving as a seat or throne, sometimes self-moving and carrying its occupant through the air; other descriptions make the Vimana more like a house or palace, and one kind is said to be seven storeys high.

Tournament of the Gods

excerpts from the Mahabharata, http://hinduism.about.com/library/weekly/extra/bl-mahabharata1.htm

MAHABHARATA: CONDENSED INTO ENGLISH VERSE
By Romesh C. Dutt (1899)
THE EPIC OF THE BHARATAS
BOOK I: ASTRA DARSANA
I
THE GATHERING
(The Tournament)Mounted on their glittering mansions where the tints harmonious blend,
As, on Meru’s golden mountain, queens of heavenly gods ascend!
And the people of the city, Brahmans, Vaisvas, Kshatras bold,
Men from stall and loom and anvil gathered thick, the young and old,
And arose the sound of trumpet and the surging people’s cry.
Like the voice of angry ocean, tempest-lashed, sublime and high!
II
THE PRINCES
Gauntleted and jewel-girdled, now the warlike princes came,
With their stately bows and quivers, and their swords like wreaths of flame,
Each behind his elder stepping, good Yudhishthir first of all,
Each his wondrous skill displaying held the silent crowds in thrall.
And the men in admiration marked them with a joyful eye,
Or by sudden panic stricken stooped to let the arrow fly!
Mounted on their rapid coursers oft the princes proved their aim,
Racing, hit the target with arrows lettered with their royal name,
With their glinting sunlit weapons shone the youths sublime and high,
More than mortals seemed the princes, bright Gandharvas of the sky!
Shouts of joy the people uttered as by sudden impulse driven.
Mingled voice of tens of thousands struck the pealing vault of heaven.
Still the princes shook their weapons, drove the deep resounding car,
Or on steed or tusker mounted waged the glorious mimic war!
Mighty sword and ample buckler, ponderous mace the princes wield,
Brightly gleam their lightning rapiers as they range the listed field,
Brave and fearless is their action, and their movement quick and light
Skilled and true the thrust and parry of their weapons flaming bright!

16-century-ships

east-west-winds

source

The 'Eye of God,' ancient engraving in rock, Israel.

source

Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, USA, 'fighting-eagles.'

source

Southeastern Ceremonial Complex, USA, 'key-maces.'

source

Mace, circa 1000 CE, from the Washington State Park Rock Art Site, Missouri.

source

More maces from Washington State Park Rock Art Site, Missouri.

source

Voyage Through the Impossible, 1904, Méliès.

oldsign1a

PaiuteCaveSerpent_1

The Pushpak Aircraft, by Balasaheb Pandit Pant Pratinidhi, 1916.

Vimanas
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushpaka_Vimana#Ramayana a chariot of the gods, any mythical self-moving aerial car (sometimes serving as a seat or throne, sometimes self-moving and carrying its occupant through the air; other descriptions make the Vimana more like a house or palace, and one kind is said to be seven storeys high.

Pushpaka
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushpaka_Vimana#Ramayana In the Ramayana, the pushpaka (“flowery”) vimana of Ravana is described as follows:

“The Pushpaka chariot that resembles the Sun and belongs to my brother was brought by the powerful Ravana; that aerial and excellent chariot going everywhere at will …. that chariot resembling a bright cloud in the sky … and the King [Rama] got in, and the excellent chariot at the command of the Raghira, rose up into the higher atmosphere.’”[3]

From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_mythological_objects

La Germania è in possesso di files sugli UFO. Ecco la prova

 

 

Agli inizi di dicembre 2011 c'è stata la pubblicazione della sentenza del tribunale amministrativo di Berlino che, in merito alla richiesta di un cittadino tedesco che si è appellato al FOIA (Freedom of Information Act) di Germania, ha imposto al Parlamento di Stato (il "Deutsche Bundestag") di divulgare un documento sugli UFO dal titolo "La ricerca di vita extraterrestre e l'implementazione della Risoluzione ONU A 33/426 per l'osservazione di Oggetti Volanti Non Identificati e forme di vita extraterrestre".

Il Parlamento ha dichiarato di voler opporsi alla divulgazione per vari motivi, anche affermando che non esistono documenti secretati sugli UFO. Ma ecco il colpo di scena. I documenti esistono per davvero e la prova è fornita dall'associazione ufologica tedesca DEGUFO.

Il gruppo tedesco per l'investigazione sul fenomeno UFO ha fatto conoscere un documento, la cui data risale al 23 ottobre 2011.

Il documento (vedi immagine sotto) corrisponde alla risposta del Ministero per gli Affari Municipali e di Stato del Nord del Reno - Westfalia con sede a Dusseldorf, a cui la DEGUFO aveva richiesto delle informazioni.

Dal file divulgato si evince che l'istituzione federale interdipartimentale della Germania gestisce gli archivi sugli avvistamenti di Oggetti Volanti Non Identificati che hanno sorvolato lo spazio aereo della Repubblica Federale di Germania.

L'istituzione federale interdipartimentale si riferisce, in special modo, al Nationale Lage- und Führungszentrum für Sicherheit im Luftraum (Centro Nazionale per la localizzazione e la gestione della Sicurezza dello Spazio Aereo).

Nel documento vi si legge che "La sicurezza nello spazio aereo ha, particolarmente a causa dei pericoli associati con il trasporto aereo, un significato speciale. L'uso e la cooperazione tra la Polizia Statale e Federale in caso di pericolo dal cielo sono regolate dalla normativa vigente. La prevenzione di minacce provenienti dallo spazio aereo è necessaria a causa delle diverse responsabilità di un approccio armonico e sinergico. In questo contesto, esiste come posizione e gestione in seno all'istituzione federale interdipartimentale il Centro Nazionale per la 'Sicurezza del Cielo' (NLFZ). Come parti integrate ci sono la Difesa Aerea, il Controllo del Traffico Aereo e la Sicurezza Nazionale e del Volo. L'NLFZ è la piattoforma informativa centrale per tutti i messaggi che sono rilevanti per la sicurezza dello spazio aereo. Per quanto riguarda la sua domanda, relativa alla gestione della Polizia, con questi risultati, vi possiamo dire che le informazioni in arrivo alla Polizia vengono immediatamente comunicate al NLFZ".

Fin qui la risposta alla richiesta della DEGUFO, dove l'ultima frase è sintomatica e significativa. In poche parole sta a significare che gli avvistamenti UFO vengono trattati direttamente dallo NLFZ. Quindi i documenti ci sono. Ora spetta vedere se gli apparati di Difesa tedeschi (e non solo di Difesa) abbiano voglia di allinearsi con gli altri Stati, per dare l'opportunità ai ricercatori di analizzarli e studiarli.

Articolo scritto da Antonio De Comite

Link dove è stato pubblicato il documento divulgato dalla DEGUFO

Altro link dove è presente il documento

Link dell'associazione ufologica DEGUFO

Pubblicato da Centro Ufologico Ionico,  14 dicembre 2011

An Architectural Pathway to Artificial Life

[Image: NASA's ANTS].

Alex Trevi sent me a link last week – which he later posted – about the so-called ANTS program. ANTS is an "autonomous nano technology swarm" developed by NASA for possible use in the "lunar base infrastructure" of tomorrow.
ANTS consist of "highly reconfigurable networks of struts, acting as 3D mesh or 2D fabric to perform a range of functions on demand."

The ANTS approach harnesses the effective skeletal/muscular system of the frame itself to enable amoeboid movement, effectively ‘flowing’ between morphological forms. ANTS structures would thus be capable of forming an entire mobile modular infrastructure adapted to its environment.

However, I was especially excited to see that the ANTS system has been hypothesized as "an architectural pathway to artificial life."
Might the artificial biology of tomorrow be buildings that have come to life?

[Images: NASA's ANTS].

I'm reminded here of Philip Beesley's Implant Matrix, or Theo Jansen's Strandbeesten, machine-architectures that cross over into animation and back, convincingly evincing signs of life.
But NASA's recent research into ANTS suggests that these units could actually be used to build whole bases and instant cities under extreme – and literally lunar – living conditions, where the village itself would not be just a substrate or infrastructure but a kind of artificially intelligent labyrinth of living architecture that coils round itself in a cascade of walls and air locks. All under the constant radiative glare of the sun.

[Image: NASA's ANTS].

These "autonomous remote systems," as NASA refers to them, are already coming into existence, of course; one need only look as far as the skies of the Middle East, for instance, which now buzz with unmanned aerial drones, or at the deep desert labs of the U.S. Air Force, where shape-shifting airplanes are taking (and re-taking) shape.
But is there a drone architecture?
Unmanned buildings – server farms, parking garages, airport terminals, and offshore cargo-processing warehouses (or RoboVault, say) – that, given mobility, could approach the condition of biology?
And is this what the haunted house genre has always been about: a fear of architecture that has come to life?

[Image: Ron Herron's Walking City, first proposed in Archigram 4 (1964)].

It's NASA meets Archigram meets Manuel de Landa meets Theo Jansen – a walking city gone off-world, communicating via secure satellite to earthbound observers back home.

(See also Pruned's take on this).

Mayan Muons and Unmapped Rooms

[Image: "Guatemala Tikal D8006" by youngrobv].

Easily one of the most interesting things I've read in quite a while is how a team of particle physicists from UT-Austin plan on using repurposed muon detectors to see inside Mayan archaeological ruins.
In the new issue of Archaeology, Samir S. Patel describes how "an almost featureless aluminum cylinder 5 feet in diameter" that spends its time "silently counting cosmic flotsam called muons" – "ghost particles" that ceaselessly rain down from space – will be installed in the jungles of Belize.
There, these machines will map the otherwise unexplored internal spaces of what the scientists call a "jungle-covered mound."
In other words, an ancient building that now appears simply to be part of the natural landscape – a constructed terrain – will be opened up to viewing for the first time since it was reclaimed by rain forest.
It's non-invasive archaeology by way of deep space.

[Images: The muon detector, courtesy of the UT-Austin Maya Muon Group].

From the UT-Austin Maya Muon Group website:

The first major experiment of the Maya Muon Group will bridge the disciplines of physics and archeology. The particle detectors and related systems are designed specifically to explore ruins of a Maya pyramid in collaboration with colleagues at the UT Mesoamerican Archaeological Laboratory. The Maya Muon Group will travel to La Milpa in northwest Belize to make discoveries about “Structure 1” – a jungle-covered mound covering an unexplored Maya ruin.

Pointing out that dense materials block more muons, Patel explains that a muon detector can actually detect rooms, spaces, and caves inside what seems to be solid:

A detector next to a Maya pyramid, for example, will see fewer particles coming from the direction of the structure than from other angles: a muon “shadow.” And if a part of that pyramid is less dense than expected – containing an open space for, say, a royal burial – it will have less of a shadow. Count enough muons that have passed through the pyramid over the course of several months, and they will form an image of its internal structure, just like light makes an image on film. Then combine the images from three or four devices and a 3-D reconstruction of the pyramid’s guts will take shape.

Referring to a muon detector already at work on the campus of UT-Austin, Patel writes: "The detector sees in every direction, so it also records muon shadows from the adjacent university buildings, and can even identify empty corridors. Silently, with little tending, it takes a monumental x-ray of the world around it."
"The resulting image," he adds, "will be almost directly analogous to a medical CAT-scan."

[Image: The muon detector, courtesy of the UT-Austin Maya Muon Group].

Install one of these things in New York City and see what you find: moving blurs of elevators and passing trucks amidst the strange, skeletal frameworks of skyscrapers that stand behind it all in a labyrinthine mesh.

[Image: A diagram of how it all works; from this PDF by Roy Schwitters].

Patel goes on to relate the surreal story of physicist Luis Alvarez, who used muons "to scan the inside of an ancient structure" – in this case, Khafre's pyramid at Giza. "Working with Egyptian scientists in the late 1960s," we read, "he gained access to the Belzoni chamber, a humid vault deep under the pyramid."
Like something out of an H.P. Lovecraft story, "Alvarez's team set up a muon detector called a spark chamber, which included 30 tons of of iron sheeting, in the underground room."
Foreign physicists building iron rooms beneath the pyramids! To search for secret chambers based on the evidence of cosmic particles.

[Image: An illustrated depiction of Luis Alvarez's feat; view larger!].

Indeed, we read:

Suspicion of the research team ran high – here was a group of Americans with high-tech electronics beneath one of Egypt's most cherished monuments. "We had flashing lights behind panels – it looked like a sci-fi thing from Star Trek," says Lauren Yazolino, the engineer who designed the detector's electronics.

Alvarez's iron room beneath the monolithic geometry of the pyramid – it's like a project by Lebbeus Woods, by way of Boullée – apparently took one year to perform its muon-detection work.
One day, then, the team took a long look at the data – wherein Yazolino "spotted an anomaly, a region of the pyramid that stopped fewer muons than expected, suggesting a void."
There were still undiscovered rooms inside the structure.

[Image: Wiring up the muon detector, courtesy of the UT-Austin Maya Muon Group].

Excitingly, when Roy Schwitters sets up his muon detector next to the tree-covered mounds of the Mayan city of La Milpa, he should get his results back in less than six months. Sitting there like a strange battery, the detector's ultra-long-term abstract photography of the jungle hillsides vaguely reminds me of the technically avant-garde photographic work of Aaron Rose.
Rose has pioneered all sorts of strange lenses and unexpected chemical developers as he takes long-term exposures of Manhattan.
New York becomes less a city than a kind of impenetrable wall of built space.

[Images: Four photographs by Aaron Rose. View slightly larger].

Again, then, I'm curious what it'd be like to install one of these muon detectors in Manhattan: the shivering hives of space it might detect, as delivery trucks shake the bridges and elevators move up and down inside distant high-rises. What would someone like Aaron Rose be able to do with a muon detector?
Are muon detectors the future of urban art photography?
Perhaps it could even be a strange new piece of public art: a dozen muon detectors are installed in Union Square for six months. They're behind fences, and look sinister; conspiratorialists leave long comments on architecture blogs suggesting that the muon detectors might not really be what they seem...
But the resulting images, after six months of Manhattan muon detection, are turned over as a gift to the city; they are hung in massive prints inside the Metropolitan Museum of Art, near the Egyptian wing, and Neil deGrasse Tyson delivers the keynote address.
Or perhaps a muon detector could be installed atop London's fourth plinth:

The Fourth Plinth is in the north-west of Trafalgar Square, in central London. Built in 1841, it was originally intended for an equestrian statue but was empty for many years. It is now the location for specially commissioned art works.

For six months, a shadowy muon detector will stand there, above the heads of passing tourists, detecting strange and labyrinthine hollows beneath government buildings where sprawling complexes from WWII spiral out of sight below ground.
Or perhaps muon detectors could even be installed along the European coast to discover things like the buried neolithic village of Skara Brae or those infamous Nazi bunkers "that lay hidden for more than 50 years" before being uncovered by the sea. As the Daily Mail reported earlier this month:

Three Nazi bunkers on a beach have been uncovered by violent storms off the Danish coast, providing a store of material for history buffs and military archaeologists.

The bunkers were found in practically the same condition as they were on the day the last Nazi soldiers left them, down to the tobacco in one trooper's pipe and a half-finished bottle of schnapps.

So what else might be down there under the soil and the sands...?
I'm imagining mobile teams of archaeologists sleeping in unnamed instant cities in the jungles and far deserts of the world, with storms swirling over their heads, running tests on gigantic black cylinders – muon detectors, all – that stand there like Kubrickian monoliths, recording invisible flashes of energy from space to find ancient burial sites and old buildings underground.

[Images: Tikal, photographed by n8agrin: top/bottom].

Perhaps all the forests and deserts of the world should be peppered with muon detectors – revealing archaeological anomalies and unexpected spaces in the ground all around us.
Architecture students could be involved: installing muon detectors outside Dubai high-rises and then competing to see who can most accurately interpret the floorplan data.

[Images: "Sobrevolando Tikal, Guatemala," photographed by Eddie von der Becke].

Till one day, ten years from now, an astronaut crazed with emotional loneliness, riding through space with his muon detector, begins misinterpreting all of the data. He concludes – in a live radio transmission broadcast home to stunned mission control supervisors – that his space station has secret rooms – undiscovered rooms – that keep popping up somehow in the shadows...
More to the point, meanwhile, you can read a few more things about Roy Schwitters over at MSNBC – and, of course, at the UT-Austin Maya Muon Group homepage.